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How the US Turned Iran Into a Dictatorship: The 1953 Coup (Documentary) proliberation 29 ビュー • 3 月前に

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In 1953, Iran is at a crossroads. After decades of interference by foreign powers eager to exploit its oil reserves, the government decides it will throw them out and take control of the country’s wealth. But with the super powers’ Cold War paranoia and thirst for oil, it won’t be easy – especially once the CIA gets involved.

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» SOURCES
Azimi, Fakhreddin. “Harriman Mission” in Encyclopaedia Iranica. https://iranicaonline.org/arti....cles/harriman-missio
Balaghi, Shiva. Silenced Histories and Sanitized Autobiographies: The 1953 CIA Coup in Iran. 2013.
Eisenhower, Dwight. Diaries of Dwight D. Eisenhower. Eisenhower Library, Whitman File, DDE Diary Series, Box 1. https://www.eisenhowerlibrary.....gov/research/online-
Fardust, Hussein. “Zohur va soghute saltanate pahlavi, khaterate arteshbode sabeghe Hosein Fardust, jelde aval.” (The Rise and Fall of the Pahlavi Dynasty, Memoirs of Former General Hussein Fardust). 1975.
Gasiorowski, Mark. “Coup d’etat of 1332 Š./1953” in Encyclopaedia Iranica. https://iranicaonline.org/articles/coup-detat-1953
Gasiorowski, Mark. “The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran” in International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Aug., 1987): 261-286.
Kalinovsky, Artemy. “The Soviet Union and Mosaddeq: A Research Note,” in Iranian Studies Vol. 47, No. 3, Special Issue: Iran and the Cold War (May 2014): 401-418.
Mina, Parviz. “Oil Agreements” in Encyclopaedia Iranica. https://iranicaonline.org/arti....cles/oil-agreements-
Shirali, Mahnaz. The Mystery of Contemporary Iran. New York 2017.
Soghomonyan, Hayk. The 1953 Coup in Irian and the Role of Great Britain in it, 2022.
St. Marie, Joseph and Shahdad Naghshpour. Revolutionary Iran and the United States. Low-intensity Conflict in the Persian Gulf. 2016.
Zahrani, Mostafa. “The Coup That Changed the Middle East: Mossadegh v. The CIA in Retrospect” World Policy Journal, Vol. 19, No. 2 (Summer, 2002): 93-99.

»CREDITS
Presented by: Jesse Alexander
Written by: Jesse Alexander
Director: Toni Steller
Editing: Philipp Appelt
Motion Design: Philipp Appelt
Mixing, Mastering & Sound Design: http://above-zero.com
Research by: Philipp Trzaska, Jesse Alexander
Fact checking: Florian Wittig
Executive Producer: Florian Wittig

Channel Design: Simon Buckmaster

Contains licensed material by getty images, AP and Reuters
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Music Library: Epidemic Sound

All photos and film in our documentaries are authentic historical footage. We do not use generative AI to create new assets. However, we may use AI tools to upscale or clean up certain assets without distorting or compromising the original image.

All rights reserved - Real Time History GmbH 2024

Black Americans Just Getting 40 Acres & a Mule After Elections! Black History | Black Culture Staff Admin 40 ビュー • 3 年前に

Black Americans Just Getting 40 Acres & a Mule After Elections! Black History | Black Culture

What if we tell you that the famous executive order that proposed forty acres and a mule for newly liberated slaves can be implemented today? Officially called Special Field Orders Number 15, this policy advocated giving 40 acres of land and a mule to each newly liberated Black slave in the United States. However, this executive order was not implemented. Today, many believe that it was suspended and made legally null and void. However, the truth is it’s more like a fire with a preserved spark that can reignite the fire. In other words, the executive order was not suspended but simply not implemented. This leaves a space where it can be implemented at any time, and all Black African Americans would get 40 acres of land and a mule. But is it really possible? Can a non-implemented order be brought back to life? Well, what we will tell you about this in this video will change how you think about 40 acres and a mule policy.

The term "40 acres and a mule" refers to a commitment made by Union General William T. Sherman during the American Civil War to distribute confiscated land to recently freed Black families. This initiative aimed to provide economic opportunities and foster self-sufficiency among the freed slaves after the abolition of slavery. In January 1865, towards the end of the Civil War, General Sherman issued Special Field Order No. 15, detailing the allocation of land along the southeastern coast, particularly in Georgia, South Carolina, and Florida. The order specified that 40 acres of land be assigned to each freed Black family, along with the potential to receive surplus army mules. The goal was to offer a means for the newly emancipated individuals to economically support themselves and build a new life as free citizens. The commitment to "40 acres and a mule" reflected the understanding among some Union officials that merely ending slavery without addressing the economic and social needs of the newly freed population would not lead to genuine freedom. Landownership was considered a crucial step toward achieving economic independence and self-sufficiency. However, the policy encountered challenges and opposition. President Andrew Johnson, who assumed office after Abraham Lincoln's assassination, reversed many land redistribution initiatives. Johnson's policies favoured returning confiscated land to its former Confederate owners, often leaving freed slaves with little more than the promise of freedom. Ultimately, the widespread implementation of the "40 acres and a mule" policy did not materialize. Although the Freedmen's Bureau, established to assist newly freed slaves in their transition to freedom, did distribute some land to Black families, the promise of 40 acres for each family largely went unfulfilled. The failure to provide the promised land and resources contributed to the economic hardships faced by freed slaves during the Reconstruction era and beyond. The concept of "40 acres and a mule" endures as a symbol of the unmet promises and challenges confronted by Black Americans in their pursuit of economic and social equality after the Civil War. It serves as a poignant reminder of the complexities and unresolved issues of Reconstruction, as well as the ongoing struggles for civil rights and economic justice in the years that followed.
The inability to fully execute the "40 acres and a mule" policy can be ascribed to a blend of political, social, and racist factors during the tumultuous post-Civil War era known as Reconstruction. Numerous factors elucidate why the policy fell short of its intended objectives. After the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln, Vice President Andrew Johnson assumed office, advocating for a more lenient approach to Reconstruction in the Southern states. His strategy aimed to swiftly reintegrate them into the Union without imposing substantial penalties or redistributing land, thereby undermining more radical proposals from Union officials. Many white Southerners, including former Confederates, vehemently opposed the notion of redistributing land to newly emancipated Black people. Rooted in deeply ingrained racist ideologies seeking to uphold white supremacy and economic control, there was widespread reluctance to concede land or economic power to the recently freed population. Certain Northern business interests and conservative politicians were apprehensive about the potential economic upheaval that widespread land redistribution might trigger. Concerns centered around destabilizing the Southern labor system and disrupting existing economic structures. Political compromises between Northern and Southern factions during Reconstruction led to the watering down or abandonment of policies addressing racial and economic inequalities.

#40acreandamule #40acreandonemulereparation #blackhistory #blackculture #blackhistorydocumentary

The 1960s in America: Crash Course US History #40 ministercr 50 ビュー • 3 年前に

In which John Green teaches you about a time of relative tumult in the United States, the 1960s. America was changing rapidly in the 1960s, and rights movements were at the forefront of those changes. Civil Rights were dominant, but the 60s also saw growth in the Women's Movement, the LGBT Rights Movement, the Latino Rights Movement, and the American Indian Movement. Also, Americans began to pay a bit more attention to the environment. All this change happened against the backdrop of the Cold War and the Rise of Conservatism. It was just wild. John will teach you about sit-ins, Freedom Rides, The March on Washington, MLK, JFK, LBJ, and NOW. Man, that is a lot of initialisms. And one acronym.

Hey teachers and students - Check out CommonLit's free collection of reading passages and curriculum resources to learn more about the events of this episode. Civil Rights stayed strong throughout the 1960s, beginning with the peaceful sit-in movement in 1960 in the South: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/the-sit-in-movemen
The Civil Rights Movement reached a high point when Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his 1963 “I Have a Dream” Speech at the March on Washington: https://www.commonlit.org/texts/i-have-a-dream
After President Kennedy's assassination, President Johnson decided to promote Civil Rights as part of his Great Society program: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/lyndon-baines-john
After Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in 1968, the growing black power movement gained even more popularity: https://www.commonlit.org/text....s/empowering-the-bla

Learn more about the Civil Rights Movement in these episodes of Crash Course Black American History:
The Montgomery Bus Boycott (35): https://youtu.be/ylOpide9dus
Martin Luther King, Jr. (36): https://youtu.be/BmeUT7zH62E
Student Civil Rights Activism (37): https://youtu.be/F624q1jBd0Y
Malcolm X and the Rise of Black Power (38): https://youtu.be/8woU9Rq0cPI
The Black Panther Party (39): https://youtu.be/ao0Jozn_7HM

--
Chapters:
Introduction: The 1960s 00:00
The Civil Rights Movement 0:44
Martin Luther King, Jr. 2:07
JFK and the Civil Rights Movement 3:17
LBJ, the Civil Rights Act, and the Great Society 4:05
Inequality in Urban America 6:26
Malcolm X, Black Power, and the Black Panther Party 7:13
Student Activism and Other Civil Rights Movements of the 1960s 8:05
Mystery Document 8:59
The Environmental Movement 9:48
The American Feminist Movement 10:03
The Supreme Court During the Warren Era 11:11
1968 was kind of a big year 12:28
Credits 14:26
--
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourse

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FAMILY FIGHT Goes Too Far On CHRISTMAS, What Happens Next Is Shocking | Dhar Mann Studios T Segal 89 ビュー • 3 年前に

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CHAPTERS:
00:00 FAMILY FIGHT Goes Too Far On CHRISTMAS
24:58 RECOMMENDED VIDEO TO WATCH NEXT

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